The informational opacity of small businesses makes them an interesting area for the study
of banks' lending practices and procedures. We use data from a survey of small businesses …

This paper will explore how the financial regulatory structure propelled three credit rating
agencies—Moody's, Standard & Poor's (S&P), and Fitch—to the center of the US bond markets…

Many services provide outputs that depend partially on the customers as inputs; the presence
of other customers often contributes to the output experienced by each purchaser. Higher …

In this study, we analyze why commercial banks failed during the recent financial crisis. We
find that traditional proxies for the CAMELS components, as well as measures of commercial …

TtE savings-and-loan (" S&L") debacle is in many ways an awful story-awful in both senses
of that word. But it is a story that has not been well reported in the press or media, because …

In early 1989, the system of deposit insurance in the United States was in crisis. The
Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation (FSLIC), the US government agency that …

Comparisons of the various institutional arrangements for controlling pollutant emissions from
individual sources-effluent fees, effluent control subsidies, marketable permits, and direct (“…

This paper reviews the extant empirical studies of financial innovation. Adopting broad
criteria and spanning a long time horizon, we found surprisingly few studies (39), with most (23) …

… There is only one white pine at the wet site large enough to use for this study. It was
sampled on three days and also shows no circumferential variability. However, there was one …

THE commercial banking business has changed dramatically over the past 30 years, due in
large part to technological change. 1 Advances in telecommunications, information …