Background Patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma have few treatment options after
failure of platinum-based chemotherapy. In this trial, we assessed treatment with atezolizumab…

Background Enzalutamide (formerly called MDV3100) targets multiple steps in the androgen-receptor–signaling
pathway, the major driver of prostate-cancer growth. We aimed to …

Meshless approximations based on moving least-squares, kernels, and partitions of unity
are examined. It is shown that the three methods are in most cases identical except for the …

Many tumour cells have elevated rates of glucose uptake but reduced rates of oxidative
phosphorylation. This persistence of high lactate production by tumours in the presence of …

We describe the cloning of p63, a gene at chromosome 3q27–29 that bears strong homology
to the tumor suppressor p53 and to the related gene, p73. p63 was detected in a variety of …

Defects in iron absorption and utilization lead to iron deficiency and overload disorders.
Adult mammals absorb iron through the duodenum, whereas embryos obtain iron through …

MicroRNAs are abundant in animal genomes and have been predicted to have important roles
in a broad range of gene expression programmes 1 , 2 . Despite this prominence, there is …

Although disorders of iron metabolism are prevalent, iron transport remains poorly
understood. To address this problem, we undertook a positional cloning strategy to identify the …

The interleukin-1β (IL-1β) converting enzyme (ICE) processes the inactive IL-1β precursor
to the proinflammatory cytokine. ICE was also shown to cleave the precursor of interferon-γ …

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) has a broad spectrum of clinical behaviors; some cases
are self-limited, whereas others involve multiple organs and cause significant mortality. …